This Day in History — Political Leaders

In 1878, Congress overrode President Rutherford B. Hayes’ veto of the Bland–Allison Act, reigniting America’s fierce debate over silver and gold. The law required the Treasury to purchase and mint silver, expanding the money supply and deepening a national struggle over debt, inflation, and economic power.

On February 27, 1860, Abraham Lincoln spoke at Cooper Union in New York City, transforming himself from a regional politician into a national figure. His carefully reasoned defense of restricting slavery’s expansion impressed Northern audiences, strengthened Republican confidence, and helped propel him toward the presidency at a moment when the nation stood on the brink of division.

In 1815, Europe believed Napoléon was finished. Exiled to Elba, he escaped with a small loyal force and landed in France, marching toward Paris. Instead of resistance, soldiers joined him and towns welcomed him. Without a major battle, he reclaimed the throne, beginning the dramatic “Hundred Days” that shocked the world.

In 1868, the House of Representatives impeached President Andrew Johnson after a fierce clash with Congress over Reconstruction policy. Accused of violating federal law by removing his Secretary of War, Johnson faced a historic Senate trial and survived by a single vote, establishing a lasting precedent for presidential accountability and constitutional balance.

In February 1847, General Zachary Taylor’s outnumbered volunteer army faced a massive Mexican force at Buena Vista. Fighting across rugged terrain, artillery and stubborn defense prevented collapse. By nightfall the Mexicans withdrew, yet neither side achieved a decisive victory. The battle forged Taylor’s reputation and became a lasting symbol of endurance.